South Korea’s preparations to conduct its first container trial voyage via Russia’s Northern Sea Route (NSR) in 2026 mark a new phase in discussions about the future of the Arctic. The Seoul government plans to send a container ship with a capacity of approximately 3,000 TEU from Busan to Rotterdam via the Arctic and has selected Panstar Line as the lead operator for this purpose.

If NATO were to disintegrate, the first thing to be lost would not be a building, a logo, or the headquarters in Brussels. The first thing to be lost would be the sense of automaticity.

With the acceptance of climate change as a security threat, more than one security risk may emerge in the same region. The Arctic is one of the geographical areas where the effects of climate change are most tangible and the security environment is gradually decreasing. Security concerns in the Arctic have resulted in NATO expanding its territory to the Russian border. While Russia perceives this situation as insecurity, it also means the end of NATO’s Northern expansion.

Meta-analysis is the systematic summarisation of a group of studies on a particular topic with the help of statistical methods (Paul & Barari, 2021, p. 1099). Meta-analysis, which is a systematic summarisation of individual studies on a particular subject with the help of statistical methods, is seen as a detailed literature review method in the most basic sense.