The Israel-Iran rivalry is extending into Africa through Red Sea routes, Horn of Africa ports, and growing military and diplomatic influence.
Türkiye is becoming a key defense partner in Africa, offering affordable and effective support, but it must manage ethical and diplomatic challenges to sustain its role
Türkiye's relationship with the African continent has witnessed a notable escalation in recent years, commencing from the early 2000s.
The Ukraine-Russia war has had shocking effects across the African continent and all over the world. Many African states, which are currently struggling with political, economic and sociocultural problems, are exposed to the effects of this war when they have yet to recover from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.