For more than two decades, the International Space Station (ISS) has been the most visible symbol of international cooperation beyond Earth. Bringing together the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan and Canada, it demonstrated that states with very different geopolitical interests could maintain a complex, permanently inhabited scientific infrastructure in orbit. Yet the ISS is approaching the final phase of its operational life.
Mongolia is routinely filed, in Western and even regional commentary, under the loose heading of “Central Asia” — lumped in with Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan as one more post-Soviet, steppe-adjacent state wedged between Russia and China. The geography invites the shorthand.
Semiconductors (and computer chips) are essential for many electronics, development of the Information and Technology (IT) industry as well as Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Electric Vehicles (EV) and Drones. Maintaining a stable chip design and manufacturing capacity is essential to address potential vulnerabilities. For countries seeking to maintain strategic and geopolitical relevance as well as national technological sovereignty.
Artificial intelligence is reshaping economies, governance, and everyday life. But democratization means more than deployment—it means empowering every citizen, in every language and community, not just elite urban users. Here the access to those who have and those who have not is also a question of avoiding India’s “AI for All” approach illuminates how inclusive AI can democratize power, rather than centralizing it in global tech monopolies ( a form of techno feudalism).
Concentration of wealth and income inequality has been another reason for increasing discussion of Neomedievalism. Interruption of major chokepoints, significantly disturbed global trade, has also caused concerns of back-sliding into the pre-globalization land-based era; possibly a form of Neomedievalism. Global trade has been over the last decade shifting more towards on-land and region based trajectories.
_jpeg_2025_22_12_b3702079-4965-4132-8c28-6f30c62c1513.jpeg "Defense, Security, and Intelligence Revolution: Technopolitics and Demopolitics")
