On Jan. 1, 2024, Ethiopia signed a memorandum of understanding with Somaliland to gain access to the Red Sea, sparking reactions from both Somalia and the intinterernational community. Somaliland declared its independence unilaterally on May 18, 1991, following the collapse of the Siad Barre regime in Somalia in 1991.
After the military coup, Niger's future hangs in uncertainty driven by terrorism, necessitating the presence of Western allies in the Sahel region.
As the West uses the issue of representation of Africa in international organizations as a tool to strengthen their relations with states in the continent, the sparks of global challenges spread to the U.N., G-20 and BRICS.
The Ukraine-Russia war has had shocking effects across the African continent and all over the world. Many African states, which are currently struggling with political, economic and sociocultural problems, are exposed to the effects of this war when they have yet to recover from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
