The Arctic is increasingly becoming a laboratory for the interaction between sanctions, energy security, maritime logistics and great-power competition. One of the clearest examples is the emerging China-Russia Arctic LNG relationship. Western sanctions have sharply constrained Russia’s Arctic LNG 2...;

In recent years, the Arctic has become a central arena not only in the context of climate change, melting sea ice, and new maritime routes, but also in terms of energy geopolitics and great-power competition. One of the most striking examples of this transformation is China-Russia;

South Korea’s preparations to conduct its first container trial voyage via Russia’s Northern Sea Route (NSR) in 2026 mark a new phase in discussions about the future of the Arctic. The Seoul government plans to send a container ship with a capacity of approximately 3,000 TEU from Busan to Rotterdam ...;

At first glance, a high-level delegation from the Chinese navy visiting Russia’s Northern Fleet in Murmansk might seem like a routine military contact. However, this visit is significant in that it highlights the slowly shifting balances in the Arctic. This is because the region is now associated no...;

I selected 1000 ancient, basic words, including the 207−word Swadesh list. I found a 38.3% degree of commonality between Turkish and Russian. When only the words in the Swadesh list are taken as the basis, the rate of commonality rises to 45.4%. I identified and recorded close and striking similarit...;

Overview Türkiye occupies a strategic position at the crossroads of major energy-producing regions—the Caspian Basin, the Middle East, and Russia—and energy-consuming markets in Europe. This geographic advantage gives Türkiye a potentially important role as both a transit corridor and an emerging...;

Between the sixth and tenth centuries, the Khazar Turkic Khaganate ruled over a vast territory in Eastern Europe and emerged as a great and powerful state that left a deep imprint on world history. It constituted the origin of the first Rus’ polity and of several other states. The roots of the Ashke...;

China’s vision of global hegemony has become a central feature of the 21st-century geopolitics. Russia is often cast as a partner in this project. Both governments argue that a more multipolar and fairer international order is attainable, being less a new construction than a partial restoration of w...;